Science a Curse or a Blessing

We cannot Say for certain whether science is a curse or a blessing. it is our use of science which would make science a curse or a Blessing . First let us see how man has used science for his good so that it has become a blessing for him. it is science that has provided modern man the life of ease, leisure and pleasure. It has brought within reach of the common man comforts and luxuries which were available in the past only to a privileged few.Science has invented marvelous machines. It has discovered energies which run these machines. The machines have taken drudgery out of work. Distance has been conquered. Modern means of transport and communication have made the word shrink in size. Men and things and news and views can go around the globe today with lightning speed. Man has already landed on the moon and a man-made satellite has just completed it’s voyage through the solar system.Our life has become healthier and longer. Modern hygiene, sanitation, medicine and surgery ar e conquering more and more physical and mental ills day by day. We now know and experience the joys of good health and longevity. Through the cinema and the video, the TV and the tape-reorder, science has worked wonders in the spheres of education and entertainment.Though we welcome these blessing of science, we have to consider the darker side of the picture also. Machines have led to unemployment. They have polluted water and atmosphere. Thy have caused noise pollution. Factories have led to slums where human beings live in squalor. Our moral and spiritual progress has failed to keep pace with our scientific progress. We have allowed science to master us instead of using it as our servant.Machines make us mechanical, deaden our sensibilities, stifle our creative talents, force mechanical regularity, uniformity and boredom upon us, increase our wants and desires, and tend to make us selfish, greedy and cruel. Geographical distance has, no doubt, vanished, but the gulf between the m inds and hearts of man has widened.Machines have given man leisure, but man misuses it to get cheap and vulgar entertainment which destroys his physical and mental health. Again, science  has put in our hands such fiendish weapons as the nuclear bomb, the guided missile and means of chemical and biological warfare. We are in danger of destroying ourselves with these monstrous means which, ironically, are our own creations. Rightly used science can bring heaven on earth. Wrongly used, it can trun this earth in to hell by destroying civilization.

Analysis of the Article: “The New Psychology of Leadership” Essay

Analysis of the Article: â€Å"The New Psychology of Leadership† Scientific American Mind Journal, August 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The article by Stephen D. Reicher tells us about how the definition of â€Å"Leaders† has been changed over time, and how it transformed to suit today’s society (Reicher, Platow and Haslam). It tells about how this effective leadership contradicted the conventional notion of what a leader should be, how a leader should act. It gave the September 11 bombing, where President George W. Bush has stepped up to give us a clear definition of what today’s leaders are like. Bush was merely an example, and that there are other aspects that would give a meaning to the â€Å"leaders† of today, redefining the belief that it only takes willingness and character to become a successful leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first point that was stressed, and that was manifested by President Bush during the 9/11 bombing was that leaders have been remodeled by the society today. It is not only willingness and character that the people need. Today’s leaders should also be able to act or be like them, be one with the people. Through that, there will be unity; and with a unified following, the leader can then mobilize these people to achieve the changes, as for the time of the bombing, was the call for America to act as one against terrorism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the article, there are several changes that have been shown when it comes to a characteristic that a leader should possess. The first of these changes was about charisma, evolving to a consensus. The notion about how leaders should possess charisma in order to attain success have been slowly shadowed by the fact that charismatic leaders are not effective leaders if they wont be able to get something going. It was then replaced by how well a leader adapts to his situation, and how he is able to lead people, which defines him as a leader. He should not be defined as how many people he can convince, instead he should be defined by how many people he was able to mobilize and bring out changes with his leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another defining character that an effective leader should possess is to be able to blend in with the crowd, the very people he is leading and supervising. He should be one of the gang, and not to be seen as the high-and-mighty sovereign ruler of the land. This is to gain the confidence and the respect of the people. If he is able to be seen as someone like them or someone who understands them, then the leader would definitely have their trusts and be able to mobilize these people toward the goals and objectives of the leaders which are also for the people’s interests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The leader should also be fair with his constituents or to those who are in lower positions from them. This is to maintain the trust and the positive outlook from these people, for them to think that these leaders are not taking advantage of their position, or that these leaders do not deserve their position at all. It is through their followers that the leader will be able to determine what to do, which is usually dependent on how the group thinks. Fairness can be observed by effective leaders in resolving problems between members, wherein there should be no favoritism shown. The leader should also be able to verbalize their leadership, being able to wield words and deliver them correctly to the people. This is one way of strengthening his command and building the respect of his followers, so that they can be effectively mobilized by the leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This article is a useful source of information on how a person can be an effective leader. This also updates us of how the society today defines an effective leader. This is because an effective leader doesn’t have a constant or concrete definition, of what should possess to become an effective leader. It still lies on his constituents, in his followers, that would define him on how a leader should be. This is because a leader is also a servant, and that is why a leader also has to be of service to others, which are the general public. Reicher, Stephen D., Michael J. Platow, and S. Alexander Haslam. â€Å"The New Psychology of Leadership†.   2007.   Scientific American Mind. August 9 2007. .

No-Till Farming and Agriculture Practices Term Paper - 1

No-Till Farming and Agriculture Practices - Term Paper Example The organic matter residues which are left by the previous crop, water, the microbes present in the soil, and other living organisms like fungi, earthworms etc are disturbed. All such happens in the traditional methods of crop cultivation. In the methodology applied in No-till farming, the farmers use such machines which only makes hole in the soil where the seed is to be planted. The area surrounding that hole is not disturbed thus the seed is provided with sufficient organic materials, water, minerals and certain symbionts which may enhance the growth and yield (No-Tillage Farming. 2012). The concept of no-till farming was introduced by Edward Faulkner in the 1940’s but it did not gain attention until after the World War II. With the synthesis of new chemicals after the World War II, many scientists and researchers stepped out to look for newer ideas. With the advent in the modern technology, no-till farming is rapidly being adopted by most farmers in the developed countries. It is known as the best practice in agriculture because of its efficiency and feasibility. The method of no-till farming gives more and much better yield as compared to the conventional methods. It is less laborious and more economical. It requires less fuel, chemicals, and fertilizers in contrast to the traditional method in which the fertilizers were added to the entire field for enrichment. As no-tillage method disturbs as little soil as possible, it keeps the soil integrity intact thus prevents soil erosion and the organic residues form the previous crops are not removed. This enhance s the organic matter in the soil and thus the seed is encircled inside it. In the traditional methods of farming, the soil was rigorously disturbed which increased the surface area of the superficial organic matter to the soil microbes. The microbes rapidly decomposed all the organic matter which then became unavailable for the

Accounting treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting treatment - Essay Example The justification of the company’s fair role has a clear reflection in the management of its accounting. This report is conducted to analyze the impact of organizational fairness in accounting activities on the performance of company managers along with the impact on managers perception in return of fair treatment of the organization. Another important purpose for writing this paper is to analyze the importance of conducting experimental research in the management accounting. Good managers are considered as assets for the organization. It is very important for the organizations to contain managers with positive attitude for the organizational activities regarding the fairness and legal obligations. The role of accountant is very critical in the organization because the accountant knows all about the cash flows and the overall money management of the company. All the managers have knowledge regarding the fairness of company’s operations and activities. It is believed tha t fair compensation system can improve the performance of the employees in the organization. The fair compensation system is a part of fair management accounting system in the company. This research paper will justify the importance of fair treatment of organization in improving the productivity of the organization. ... Organization has a responsibility towards the government to pay complete taxes without any kind of disobedience and illegal activity. All the obligations that are imposed by the government in the organizational and industrial act should be followed by every organization to play a fair role in the country. Nowadays, it is not easy for the companies to play fair role in all the aspects of the business because competition has become very stiff and every company is seeking to get the competitive edge by any means. Therefore in such kind of environment it is difficult to manage all the operations with fairness. In the presence of this fact still the organizations are liable to fulfill all the obligations that are imposed by the government to justify its social beneficial existence in the country. Fairness in all the parts of the organization has a very positive impact on the employees and managers who are working in the organization (Kumari, 116 – 128). It is easy for the company m anagers to observe the fairness in accounting system of the company because it is completely based on figures so it is has become easy for the mangers to evaluate the fair treatment of organization. Therefore, it can be concluded with the fact that fairness in management accounting activities can justify the fairness of organization among the managers. This topic has got a great importance in present competitive world that’s why this topic has been selected for further exploration on this area. Now come specifically to understand the importance of this research paper. The consideration of fairness in the organizational activities has a significant impact on the overall performance of the business,

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Personal statement - Essay Example I want to gain invaluable experience as a physician assistant and believe that the MEDEX Northwest offers me this opportunity. I believe that my work experience in the different health care institutions makes me an excellent candidate for the program. Working as an EKG technician has exposed me to different technologies that are invaluably applicable in the medical sector. I have also had the opportunity to work at VA hospital, where I had an opportunity to interact with people of different backgrounds. This I believe will be an asset to the institution. My background and training in law brings unique value to the institution as I believe it helps in creating an understanding of human behavior, a valuable asset in healthcare training and practice. In my pursuit of high quality education, I am prepared to face any challenges that may come my way. The biggest challenge I expect to encounter will be in meeting my full financial obligations. However, I am optimistic that with immense commitment and dedication, I will overcome this challenge and complete my course within the required time. I believe that my experience in different hospitals as well as my academic background has given me valuable resources that I believe will be of benefit to my classmates. I also believe that my research skills will be a great contribution to my class. Being a second language student, I believe I will find it easier to mingle with the minority groups in the institution and act as bridge to non native speaking

Critical Response Paper 2 Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Response 2 - Research Paper Example The suspension of Frederick is nullified as it did not cross the ethical and moral boundaries. What it did was to inculcate among others Frederick’s own sentiments which were flawed in their own right. He did not know what he was inculcating, and hence is not charged for the same. Had he known he was doing something irresponsible, and still committed to the act, he would have been charged in a manner which was seemingly fit. Therefore I acquit Frederick of any charges against him which are a result of the hate that exists in line with drugs and their usage. I give him the margin as he can spend his life with a sense of understanding and people shall empathize with him in the coming times. In all fairness and going by the rule of law, Frederick stands not guilty and is therefore free from all charges and banishments against him. References Burns, S. L. & Peyrot, M., 2010. Standardizing social problems solutions: The case of court-supervised drug treatment. Research in Social Pr oblems and Public Policy, 17 Giles, S. M., 2010. Coaching to enhance quality of implementation in prevention. Health Education, 110 Reid, L., 2010. The state of public research on over-the-counter drug advertising.

British Petroleum Oil Spill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

British Petroleum Oil Spill - Essay Example Findings   3.1 Summary of findings of your analysis   4. Conclusion   4.1 Discussion of findings in context of theory and prior literature 5. References 1. Introduction   1.1 Theories used in case analysis The paper talks about the oil spill caused by British Petroleum’s (BP) in 2010 that occurred in the Mexican Gulf and caused irreparable damage to the environment and life in and around that area. It looks at the company’s behavior post the oil spill and their reaction in front of the media and as expressed in their annual reports. More specifically, this paper looks at how BP’s reaction post the disastrous oil spill ties in with the theories about company behavior. Some theories used as reference for this paper include the legitimacy theory, the stakeholder theory and the institutional theory etc. 2. The case   2.1 Context   Background information about the case   British Petroleum (BP) is the 6th largest oil and gas company worldwide. BP is invol ved in all stages including the extraction of oil to the retail of the final product (BP, 2012, p.1). In â€Å"2010† the company faced a ruinous crisis when the drilling rig, Deepwater Horizon blew up on April 20, 2010. This cataclysmic disaster resulted in the killing of 11 persons and critically wounded many others (BP Annual Report, 2010, p.6). The spill continued for almost three months, making this catastrophe the biggest disaster of its kind (Mason, 2010, p.1). The scientists who had been vigorously studying the possible repercussions were still not sure about the complete extent of the environmental damage even after a whole year had passed. Further research is still required to provide a holistic detail on the matter because the destruction caused by the BP oil spill is too far reaching in a ripple effect caused by direct environmental damages. (Kinver, 2011, p.1). 2.2 Data   description of corporate disclosure vehicles chosen for analysis The annual report for 2010 was highly reflective of BP’s reaction to the disaster. O’Donovan (2002, p.344) says that companies reveal information in the annual reports only with the purpose of gaining support from the society and to retain their legitimacy in society. Companies that find themselves in situations that BP found itself in often try to improve their image by providing more information in their annual reports that â€Å"concerns† ethics and environmental issues (Deegan et al., 2002, p.312). This information is used by the company to clean up the mess it has somehow created in a disaster that has happened on its watch (Deegan and Rankin, 1996, p.50). BP increased greatly the amount of environment related information in its annual report under the law of legitimacy and to counter the bad press it was receiving in the aftermath of th disaster. It kept repeating to the media how it would clean up its mess, compensate the people and make amends for its mistake, thus making sure th at all stakeholders, including the society and the government, continued to foster a positive image of the company, as explained by the stakeholder theory once more. These changes in the annual report were useful for the investors, accountants, regulators, environmental groups and the community because they provided these stakeholders with additional insight about the disaster and how BP proposed to go ahead with the scenario (Summerhays, 2011, p.3). BP’s reaction was timely, even â€Å"instantaneous† according to the institutional â€Å"theory† (BP, 2010, p.1) however they were condemned by the government because they failed to contain the spill before it reached the coast (Robertson

Leadership and clinical governance in nursing Essay

Leadership and clinical governance in nursing - Essay Example tools) as well as methods (Confusion Assessment Method, CAM) in the discussion to reflect how the inception of Standard Nine has improved the quality of health care delivery (Gastmans, 2013). Moreover, the paper applies such policies as the NSW Policy Directive Falls- Prevention and Harm from Falls amongst Older People 2011-2015 as in the discussion. The practitioner was the Nurse in Charge (NIC) of the General Ward in the Balliina District Hospital. The nurse was to oversee such obligations as transitional care, emergency care, general ward and rehabilitation. The nurse conducted significantly below the reasonable standard as outlined in Standard 9 culminating to demise of a patient (Mrs. Webb). Subsequently, HCCC consulted with the Nursing and Midwifery Council of New South Wales. The HCCC applied section 39(2) and 90(B) of the Health Care Complaints Act 1993 and section 145A of the National Laws to file the case to the Committee anchored on section 150D(4) of the National Law (Wong, Yee and Turner 2008). The Nurse was found to have unsatisfactory conduct that was not commensurate to the equivalent knowledge and training she had. The Committee thus reprimanded the Nurse and ordered a number of conditions on the practitioner registration. For example, she had 24 months to successfully complete a post graduate certificate in acute care nursing incorporating leadership module. The Nurse was further prohibited from engaging in any role and functions of a Nurse in Charge of a ward or Hospital (Hatten-Masterton & Griffiths 2009). The Nurse was found to have violated the Standard 9 and many other guidelines including NSW Health Rural Adult Emergency Clinical Guidelines Third Edition GL. In addition, the Committee noted that Practitioner did not showcase the expected levels of assessment required to have saved the practitioner. Further, the practitioner failed to contact the doctor about the unseen patient fall and deterioration conditions (Wong, Yee, Turner

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits Essay - 6

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits of this to a company Support your answer with examples - Essay Example esponsibility of motivation because a certain percentage argues that it is the responsibility of the employee to motivate him or herself while others argue that an employer is responsible for motivating the employees (Dell 1993). Hence, employees’ motivation is crucial for any kind of organisation. Lack of motivation can be detrimental to an organisation as it would lead to decrease in production, morale and customers. Diverse theories have emerged to show different motivation strategies that are necessary in organisations (Daft 2011). At times, individuals reach a point in their working lives when the level of motivation reduces especially due to personality that has a major contribution on the attitudes they have in their working places. In such cases, managers and supervisors have no control over personal attitudes, but can be able to handle those that ignite employee into losing their motivation for instance poor payment and poor working condition. Conversely, numerous factors cause employees to lack motivation especially when working in an environment that is not bored and lacking the necessary trust for the management. In addition, the fact that employees are not given chances to learn new skills and grow within an organisation are great contributors to lack of motivation. According to Lauby 2005, motivation of employees requires time as most of the employees are not motivated in the same ways. In essence, employee motivation depends on the priorities that they have in life. Once the managers understand the values of employees then rewarding becomes simpler. Of importance to note is that, motivation depends with individuals, values, and motivation factors of managers may be different from those of employees. Moreover, money is one of the most powerful tools in employee motivation. Consequently, this had not been the case as most organisations are said to underpay their employees when the employees have greatly contributed to the welfare of the

Cultural diversity in human resource management within hospitality Essay

Cultural diversity in human resource management within hospitality industries - Essay Example The literature published on the particular issue is explored. It seems that the forms of cultural diversity as part of the HRM in hospitality industry can be differentiated across firms in accordance with the local social and cultural principles; the ethics of each organization in regard to this issue have also an important role in choosing the HRM strategies of firms operating in the hospitality industry. The aspects of HRM in three major organizations in the hospitality industry, Hyatt, Hilton and Marriott are presented in order to show the common forms and effects of cultural diversity for HRM in organizations operating in this industry. It has been proved that the practical forms and implications of cultural diversity in the workplace can be differentiated from their theoretical context, at the level that market conditions tend to change continuously requiring different approaches when developing critical organizational decisions, such as decisions related to the level of cultura l diversity accepted within each organization. In order to understand how diversity can impact human resource management it would be necessary to refer to the role of HRM within modern organizations. Human Resource Management (HRM) can be characterized as a framework for managing employee issues across organizations. The role of HRM, even if seems simple, it could be described as quite complex, having to align the needs and the skills of individuals with the needs and the resources of the organization. The above view is verified through the following fact: HRM is divided into many categories, i.e. forms, each of which aims to address specific organizational problems, for instance, hard and soft HRM, the strategic HRM Management and so on (Talwar 2006). In accordance with Lee-Ross et al. (2010) HRM aims to support the relationships between employer and employees; it is explained that these relationships are often difficult to be managed, due to the lack of communication skills of HR managers but also due to the lack of willingness by the employees to support innovation and change. From a similar point of view, Saee (2006) supports that HRM is used for resolving disputes between the employer and employees especially in regard to the methods and the time framework related to the completion of various organizational projects or the alteration of existing business practices. It is also noted that HRM is a framework indicating the level of capabilities of managers involved in the relevant activity. On the other hand, Riley et al. (2002) supports that HRM is a mechanism/ framework reflecting primarily the interests of the organization; it is for this reason that HRM policies are usually based on the organizational aims and targets, either in the short or the long term. The level at which cultural diversity is promoted by HR managers within a

Downtown East Swot Analysis Essay Example for Free

Downtown East Swot Analysis Essay Downtown East was well-known in Singapore as an entertainment hub as it provides a variety of services. Food, Drinks, Shopping and Entertainment, all under one roof. However, in every business or organization, it will certainly have its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, therefore, our group would give a detail explanation on each of these aspects, helping the company to focus on activities where it is strong in, and where the greatest opportunity lies. We would first start off with strength. Basically, strength refers to the good qualities or the strong points of the business. Downtown East is situated around many places of interest, therefore being able to create packages which will attract customers. Furthermore, it is currently the only theme park in Singapore where there is both water activities (Wild Wild Wet) and outdoor rides (Escape Theme Park). As Downtown East homes the only theme park in Singapore, Downtown East would definitely be the first choice that comes into the mind of people seeking for both thrills and entertainment. Not only that, it also have many indoor activities such as arcades for children, teenagers and even adults. Therefore, Downtown East not only have outdoor entertainment, it also have indoor entertainment as well, thus, even on rainy days, people going to Downtown East could also have fun. Weakness is an aspect where the business should spend time studying on it and then work out for solutions to overcome it. The limited land area is a weakness to Downtown East. As land in Singapore is expensive, Downtown East would find it hard to expand their land area to provide more entertainment for customers. Other than that, Downtown East is quite inaccessible. It is troublesome to get there because the only public transport to get there is by bus, thus, making it hard for the people in the west side of Singapore to go to Downtown east. Not only that, it is also expensive to maintain. For example, if equipment in the Escape Theme Park is faulty or spoilt, quite a large sum of money would be needed to either repair or even buy a new one. People might get bored if the attractions are not change constantly and changing the attraction would mean the requirement of new equipments and this would in turn increase the expense of the business. Opportunity refers to the chances available for the business to grow. The government is promoting Singapore as a city of entertainment which will help attract tourists. For instance, launching the F1 grand prix is a move by the government to â€Å"broadcast† Singapore worldwide, thus, attracting people from other countries to visit Singapore. As Downtown East had many facilities and is entertaining, investors may be interested to work together with them. Furthermore, more and more places of interest are being built (e.g Integrated Resort) to attract tourists to Singapore. Although this may be seen as an act to steal customers from Downtown East, the tourists coming to Singapore would not only come for Singapore for a specific area of interest but the various kind of places of entertainment Singapore offers and Downtown East may be one of them, thus, this could be seen as an opportunity. Other than that, Downtown east is located at the east near the coast and the area there could be used to expand their business so as to introduce more facilities and entertainment so as to attract customers. Lastly, it is the threats. Threats would normally be seen as a pressure to the decrease of sales or revenue. Economic downturn is one of the threats which may result in people not willing to splurge on entertainment. As the economy is doing badly, salaries of the workers may be reduced and retrenchment would be common. Reduced salary or no salary (retrenchment) would mean that less money would be available for living expenses, thus, people would save money and visit such entertainment places less frequently. Also, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, more places of interest are built to attract the tourists. Although it can be an opportunity, it can also be a threat to Downtown East if the tourists choose to go to other places of interests rather than Downtown East.

Demand For Owner Occupied Housing

Demand For Owner Occupied Housing In this assignment I am going to explain the economic concept of Owner occupied Residential. The assignment generally includes examples and graphical analyses to demonstrate the issues that will affect the owner occupied residential market. The housing market of any country or places is determined by a range of demand and supply factors. There is always a demand for housing; the main reason for that is mainly due to population growth, the life expectancy rates improved, and also the incline of one person household. Furthermore, as the demand is high consequently there also will be a supply. Owner occupied sector means that the householder who ultimately live and own at the same property. The property types can differentiate as house, flats, apartment, bungalows and etc. The non- price determinant factors affecting the supply to change: Construction Cost Government Legislation Government Polices i.e. tax benefits or building social housing Building Technology Supply for owner occupied housing: The supply curve is upward sloping, but to determine the supply for housing, it is mostly decide by the house prices; therefore when house prices are high, this will encourage more people to built houses and the curve will shift itself as an increase or decrease in supply. For example, when advance building technology takes place, it is a way that can reduce the cost on building houses, and increasing the revenue for suppliers, the supply curve S1 will ultimately shift to the right S2, as shown in graph 1.0, this represents an increase in the quantity supply at each and every price such as using the prefabrication technique, it will reduce the construction period and labour cost comparing with the in-situ technique. In another hand when the cost of the building houses increase, i.e. when the availability of labour are less, it will raise the labour cost. This will lead the supply decrease, and to apply this to the graph 1.0, the supply curve S1 will then shift to the left S3. http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-supply_clip_image002.gif The non- price determinant factor affecting demand to change: The current price of housing Income and life expectations rates of change Statistics of the number of households Government polices i.e. tax benefits or building social housing Mortgage and interest rates Demand for owner occupied housing: The demand curve is downward sloping from left to right and when demand curve shift to the right or left it will represents an increase or decrease of demand. Through graph 1.1, the demand curve D shift to the right D1 indicates that when there is more demand on properties. This fact can be achieve by the non-price determinant factor, i.e. when mortgage interest rates are low, it will made the property more affordable, and also increasing the demand. In another hand, to decrease the demand will depends on the non-price determinant, i.e. When prices of housing are expected to fall the quantity demand will decrease because buyers will wait for a lower prices and therefore will decrease the demand which will shift the demand curve onto the left D to D2. `http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-demand_clip_image006.gif Elasticity of Demand: Elastic Demand: Elasticity of demand shows the changes to demand in relation to the price. Elastic demand means the price will not change much, but the quantity of the demand will have a higher rate. Properties which are elastic are normally luxury and it has a very competitive market and many alternatives. Diagram: Elastic Demand Curve Inelastic Demand: The demand curve in inelastic demand is steep, and it is dictated by the quantity of demand does not change to the same amount as the price do. Therefore, the more inelastic the demand is the more steeper the curve is. In a short term run, when the price of house increased, the demand will be inelastic as there are no other choices and it requires time to find other close substitutes. Diagram: Inelastic Demand Curve Perfectly Elastic Demand: Perfectly elastic demand shows a horizontal line. This means that elasticity in demand is perfect, the reason for that is when there is any change in price and the demand slightly decline or nothing, then the price elasticity of the product is infinity. For example, when the supplier increases the price above the market equilibrium the demand will evaporates as the buyers will choose the cheaper option. Diagram: Perfectly Elastic Demand Curve Perfectly Inelastic Demand: Perfectly inelastic demand consist a straight vertical demand curve and it represent zero elasticity at any price. This indicates quantity of demand will remain the same and does not depend on any change in price. Generally, perfectly inelastic demand will take place while buyers have no choice in the consumption of a good. Diagram: Perfectly Inelastic Demand Curve Elasticity of Supply: Inelastic Supply: When the quantity of supply is less than the increase in price, then the price elasticity is described as inelastic. According to graph 10000 the supply curve is shallow due to the given change in price there is a smaller change in supply. For example when government have announced to build more social housing, the houses will not be constructed immediately, because it takes time for the legal complexities, obtaining planning permission and also the construction period. In the short term the construction are price inelastic and this will classified as supply inelastic. Diagram: Inelastic Supply Curve Elastic Supply: When the quantity of supply is greater than increase in price, then the price elasticity is described as elastic. The curve which is shown in figure 1000 indicates for a given change in price there is a greater change in supply. The most important issue to determine the supply whether is elastic or inelastic, time tends to be the main matter, in long term supply the quantity of houses will increase and it will therefore becoming more elastic. Diagram: Elastic Supply Curve Perfectly Elastic Supply: The supply curve is horizontal due to the quantity supplied does not affect with the price fluctuations. The firm can supply an unlimited amount of product at that price. Perfectly Inelastic Supply: The supply curve is vertical as the quantity of the product remains steady and it is produce regardless on any price. For example, land is perfectly inelastic supply due to houses price increase and the land supply remains the same. Areas that are not developed can built up, in addition developed areas can also change its land use, however these are time consuming. http://www.bized.co.uk/sites/bized/files/images/diagrams/small/pes_0.gif FOUNDATION, n.d. Construction Sample [Online]. Available at: https://environment7.uwe.ac.uk/resources/constructionsample/cd_hybrid_mini/topic_foundations/foundationtest.pdf [Accessed 2nd January 2013] ENCONOMICS HELP, n.d. Price Elasticity of Supply [Online]. Available at: http://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/equilibrium/elasticity-supply.html [Accessed 2013] BIZED, 2001. Perfectly Inelastic Supply Curve [Online]. Available at: http://www.bized.co.uk/reference/diagrams/Perfectly-Inelastic-Supply-Curve [Accessed 2013] TUTOR2U, n.d. Demand and Supply for Housing [Online]. Available at: http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/housing/housing_demand_supply.htm [Accessed 2013] SLIDESHARE, n.d. Real Estate Market Dynamics [Online]. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/elitedealmaker/real-estate-market-dynamics-6712039 [Accessed 2013] PARLIAMENT UK, n.d. Housing Supply and Demand [Online]. Available at: http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons/lib/research/key_issues/Key-Issues-Housing-supply-and-demand.pdf [Accessed 2013] WEST BERKSHIRE COUNCIL, 2007. Drivers of the Housing Market [Online]. Available at: http://www.westberks.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=14178p=0 [Accessed 2013] ENCONOMICS ONLINE, n.d. The Housing Market [Online]. Available at: http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/The_housing_market.html [Accessed 2013] TUTOR2U, n.d. Understanding Supply [Online Image]. Available at: http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1hl=zh-TWsafe=activesa=Ntbo=dbiw=1061bih=877tbm=ischtbnid=R4gRjLTiE6LwRM:imgrefurl=http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-supply.htmldocid=AoEfVEaeh4TdzMimgurl=http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-supply_clip_image002.gifw=638h=481ei=-ncFUfW3I9SXhQfP4oGQBgzoom=1ved=1t:3588,r:6,s:0,i:96iact=rcdur=1614sig=100585240784303594567page=1tbnh=187tbnw=256start=0ndsp=17tx=123ty=89 [Accessed 2013] 21ST CENTURY LEARNING, n.d Understanding Demand [Online Image]. Available at: http://www.google.com/imgres?start=131um=1hl=zh-TWsafe=activesa=Ntbo=dbiw=1061bih=877tbm=ischtbnid=HmWyNf1UYY0xiM:imgrefurl=http://21stcenturylearning.sharepoint.com/Pages/Eco4Demand.aspxdocid=e8sXSzDr4_u-kMimgurl=http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-demand_clip_image006.gifw=626h=452ei=LIcFUdr3MaLX0QWpyIDQDAzoom=1ved=1t:3588,r:40,s:100,i:124iact=rcdur=610sig=100585240784303594567page=7tbnh=172tbnw=253ndsp=20tx=164ty=60 [Accessed 2013] BIZED, n.d. Perfectly Inelastic Supply Curve [Online Image]. Available at: http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1hl=zh-TWsafe=activesa=Ntbo=dbiw=1061bih=877tbm=ischtbnid=5kwQZzlnCUzHAM:imgrefurl=http://www.bized.co.uk/reference/diagrams/Perfectly-Inelastic-Supply-Curvedocid=MFG6fGYhpV5IUMimgurl=http://www.bized.co.uk/sites/bized/files/images/diagrams/small/pes_0.gifw=341h=199ei=QOQFUbixOpGN0wX08oHQBAzoom=1ved=1t:3588,r:5,s:0,i:93iact=rcdur=665sig=100585240784303594567page=1tbnh=159tbnw=272start=0ndsp=17tx=134ty=54 [Accessed 2013] BUZZLE, 2011. Perfectly Inelastic Supply [Online]. Available at: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/perfectly-inelastic-supply.html [Accessed 2013] INFOCHEESE, 2008. Elasticity of Demand of Housing [Online]. Available at: http://www.infocheese.com/elasticityofdemandhousing.html [Accessed 2013] BIZED, 2001. Perfectly Elastic Demand [Online]. Available at: http://www.bized.co.uk/reference/diagrams/Perfectly-Elastic-Demand-Curve [Accessed 2013] Myers, D., 2004. Construction Economics: A New Approach. United Kingdom: Routledge

Crystal Growth and Nonlinear Optics

Crystal Growth and Nonlinear Optics CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CRYSTAL GROWTH AND NONLINEAR OPTICS 1.1  INTRODUCTION Crystal growth is regarded as an ancient subject, owing to the fact that the crystallization of salt and sugar were known to the ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations. The subject of crystal growth was treated as part of crystallography and never had an independent identity until the last century. It has a long history of evolution from â€Å"a substance potting art† to a science in its own right which has accelerated by the invention of transistor in 1948, and the subsequent need for high purity semiconductor single crystals. Crystals are the unacknowledged pillars of modern technology. The fundamentals of crystal growth was entirely bestowed upon the morphological studies of the naturally occurring crystals. Thus began the scientific approach for this subject during the seventeenth century by Kepler, followed by quite a few others like Nicolous Steno, Descartes, Bartholinus, etc. This type of morphological study slowly led to the understanding of the atomistic process of crystal growth. Recent bursting research on nanostructured materials depend on the crystal growth theory and technology. In the early twentieth century, the crystal growth evolved as a separate branch of science and several theories from Kossel, Donnay-Harker, Volmer and Burton, Cabrera and Frank (BCF) were proposed. Although science of crystal growth originated through the explanations of Nicolous Steno in 1669, the actual impetus to this field began after the BCF theory was formulated and also when there was a great demand for crystals during World War II. Crystal growth plays an important role in material science and engineering. It is an interdisciplinary subject of physics and chemistry. Initially the natural crystals were adored as gems and museum pieces. Later, a transition of crystals has occurred from museum to technology which stimulated crystal grower community to produce large crystals artificially. In the recent scientific era, the utility of crystals has been extended to novel devices such as nonlinear optical and piezoelectric devices. Atomic arrangement with periodicity in three dimensional pattern at equally repeated distances are called single crystals. The preparation of single crystal is more difficult than polycrystalline material and extra effort is justified because of outstanding properties of single crystals (Laudise 1970). The single crystal growth has prominent role in the present era because of rapid technical and scientific advancement. The application of crystals has unbounded limits because of its special optical and electrical properties over noncrystalline material. This means that the new crystals have to be grown and fabricated in order to assess their device properties. The main parameters which involve in crystal growth are nucleation, growth rate, stability, crystalline defects, compositional inhomogeneity and thermodynamics of the source of liquid. The evolution in the crystal growth requires not only scientific understanding, but also the driving force of applied technology which so often provides a significant influence in highlighting the lack of scientific knowledge and need for a more refined evolution of science and indeed the development of new concepts. The studies on the growth and physical properties of single crystals of amino acids and their compounds are of great interest because they possess properties such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and possibly ferroelectricity. In the recent century, the development of science in many areas has been achieved through the growth of single crystals. The single crystals designed for producing second harmonic generation (SHG) received consistent attention for applications in the field of telecommunication, optical information processing, laser remote sensing and colour displays. 1.2  KINETICS OF CRYSTAL GROWTH Crystals are solid substances in general which may be obtained from solid, liquid or vapour phase. Except for solid phase, all other phases yield crystals with developed faces, which represent the crystal medium interface during the development of a crystal from the growth medium. Subsequently, the crystal faces contain information about the nature of the interfaces as well as about the phenomena taking place at the interface. In solid phase growth, some grains grow larger at the expense of others and the interface mainly concave with respect to the growing grain and lies in the interior of the bulk mass. In melt growth, the interface is forced to take the shape of the isotherm inside the crucible containing the melt. However, in both cases, a free development of the faces is rarely encountered. It is also possible to obtain valuable information about the growth processes by using suitable methods. Elementary processes involved in the development of the micromorphology of as grown surfaces of bulk single crystal and epitaxial layers, and of evaporated and etched surfaces under different experimental conditions are essentially similar irrespective of the type of a material. When a crystal nucleus attains a critical size, then it grows into crystal of macroscopic dimension with well developed faces. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of crystal growth. They are: Surface energy theory, Adsorption layer theory and Diffusion theory. The surface energy theory states that the growing crystal assumes a shape, which has a minimum surface energy. According to adsorption layer theory, a molecule arriving at a crystal surface from the bulk of the supersaturated solution or super cooled melt loses a part of its latent heat. All molecules similar to this move along the surface and join together to form a small two dimensional nucleus due to inelastic collision. Bravious proposed that the growth rate of a crystal face depends on reticular densities of a lattice point of that face. The surface energy is the least when the face possesses the greatest reticular density. The attachment energy is due to Vander Waals force in the case of homopolar crystals and it is due to electrostatic forces in the case of ionic crystals. According to the diffusion theory matter is deposited continuously on a crystal phase at the rate proportional to the difference in concentration between the point of deposition and the bulk of the solution. In diffusion theory, the molecules in contact with the crystal surface are adsorbed quickly. A concentration gradient is thus produced between the bulk of the solution and the growing crystal surface. The mass transfer from the bulk of the solution to the surface involves molecular diffusion. In general, in any crystal growth process, the following steps are involved: (i) Generation of reactants (ii) Transport of reactants to the growth surface (iii) Adsorption at the growth surface (iv) Nucleation (v) Growth and (vi) Removal of unwanted reaction products from the growth surface 1.2.1  Solution, Solubility and Super Solubility A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute in a solvent. Solute is a component, which is present in a smaller quantity. For a given solute, there may be different solvents. The solvent is chosen taking into account of the following factors to grow crystals from solution: (i) Good solubility for the given solute (ii) Good temperature coefficient of solute solubility Less viscosity (iv) Less volatility (v) Less corrosion and non toxicity (vi) Low vapour pressure and (vii) Cost advantage Solubility of the material in a solvent decides the amount of the material, which is available for the growth and hence defines the total size limit. Solubility gradient is another important parameter, which dictates the growth procedure. If the solubility gradient is very small, slow evaporation of the solvent is the best option for crystal growth in order to maintain a constant supersaturation in the solution. Growth of crystals from solution is mainly a diffusion-controlled process. The medium must be viscous enough to enable faster transference of the growth units from the bulk solution by diffusion. Hence, a solvent with less viscosity is preferable. Supersaturation is an important parameter for the solution growth process. The crystal grows by the access of the solute in the solution where the degree of supersaturation is maintained. The solubility data at various temperatures are essential to determine the level of supersaturation. Hence, the solubility of the solute in the ch osen solvent must be determined before starting the growth process. The relationship between the equilibrium concentrations as a function of temperature is represented by the solubility diagram in Figure 1.1 which is known as temperature-concentration diagram. Miers carried out extensive research in the relationship between supersaturation and spontaneous crystallization. The lower continuous line is the normal solubility curve for the salt concerned. Temperature and concentration at which spontaneous crystallization occurs are represented by the upper broken curve, generally referred to as the supersolubility curve. The whole concentration-temperature field is separated by the saturated solution line (solubility curve) into two regions, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions. Saturated solutions are those mixtures, which can retain their equilibrium indefinitely in contact with the solid phase with respect to which they are saturated. The solubility of most substances increase with temperature (the temperature coefficient of the solubility is posi tive) and crystals can be grown only from supersaturated solutions, which contain an excess of the solute above the equilibrium value. The temperature-concentration diagram is divided into three regions, which are termed as region I, II and III respectively. Figure 1.1 Miers solubility curve (i)The stable (undersaturated) zone where crystallization is not possible (Region I). (ii)The region II is a metastable zone, between the solubility and supersolubility curves, where spontaneous crystallization is improbable. However, if a seed crystal is placed in metastable solution, growth would occur on it. (iii)The region III is an unstable or labile (supersaturation) zone, where spontaneous crystallization is more probable. If the solution whose concentration and temperature represented by point A in the Figure. 1.1, is cooled without loss of solvent (Line ABC) spontaneous crystallization cannot occur until conditions represented by point C are reached. At this point, crystallization is spontaneous. Further cooling to some point D will produce spurious nucleation. The evaporation of solvent from the solution results in supersaturation. The line AB’C’ represents an operation carried out at constant temperature. Penetration beyond the supersolubility curve into the labile zone rarely happens, as the surface from which evaporation takes place is usually supersaturated to a greater degree than the bulk of solution. Crystals, which appear on this surface eventually fall into the solution and seed in it. In practice, a combination of cooling and evaporation as represented by the line AB†C† is also adopted. 1.2.2  Expression for Supersaturation In order to grow crystals, the solution must be supersaturated. Supersaturation is the driving force, which governs the rate of crystal growth. The supersaturation of a system may be expressed in number of ways. The basic units of concentration as well as temperature must be specified. The degree of supersaturation of a solution is defined using the concept of absolute supersaturation (1.1) where C is the concentration of the dissolved substance at a given moment and Co is its solubility limit. The degree of supersaturation can also be defined as the relative supersaturation, which is given by (1.2) or as the coefficient of supersaturation. (1.3) The quantities ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ² and à Ã¢â‚¬Å" are interrelated (Khamshii 1969) 1.3  NUCLEATION In a supersaturated or super cooled system, few atoms or molecules join together and a change in energy takes place during the formation of clusters. The cluster of atoms or molecules is called embryo. An embryo may grow or disintegrate and disappear completely. If the embryo grows to a particular size, critical size known as critical nucleus, then there is a tendency for the nucleus to grow. Thus, nucleation is an important phenomenon in crystal growth and is the precursor of crystal growth and of the overall crystallization process. The formation of stable nucleus occurs only by the addition of a number of molecules (A1) until a critical cluster is formed. In general A n-1 + A 1 → A n (Critical) (1.4) Any further addition to the critical nucleus results in nucleation followed by growth. Once these nucleus grow beyond a certain size, they become stable under the average condition of supersaturation of the solution. Further, the creation of a new phase in the homogeneous solution demands for the expenditure of certain quantity of energy. Once embryos achieve this critical size there is a high probability that they will grow, relatively unhindered, to macroscopic size. 1.3.1  Types of Nucleation Nucleation may occur spontaneously or may be induced artificially. These two cases are frequently referred to as homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation respectively. The term primary will be reserved for both the cases of nucleation in the systems that do not contain crystalline matter. On the other hand, the nucleus is often generated in the vicinity of crystals presented in the supersaturated system. This phenomenon is referred to as secondary nucleation. Figure 1.2 shows the classification of nucleation. The spontaneous formation of crystalline nucleus in the interior of the parent phase is called homogeneous nucleation. If the nucleus forms heterogeneously around ions, impurity molecules or on dust particles, on surfaces or at structural irrgularities such as dislocations or other imperfections is called heterogeneous nucleation. Figure 1.2 Schematic diagram indicating the classification of nucleation Nucleation can often be induced by external processes like agitation, friction, mechanical shock, electromagnetic fields, extreme pressure, ultraviolet, X-rays, ÃŽ ³Ã¢â‚¬â€œ rays, sonic and ultrasonic radiation and so on (Mullin 2001; Laudise 1975; Gilman 1963; Stringfellow 1979; Sangwal 1987; Jancic Grootscholten 1984). 1.3.2  Energy of formation of a nucleus Any isolated droplet of a fluid is most stable when its free energy is maximum and thus its area is minimum. The growth of an embryo or a crystal could be considered as an example of this principle. The total energy of the crystal in equilibrium with its surrounding at constant temperature and pressure would be minimum for a given volume. When a volume free energy per unit volume is considered to be constant ÃŽ £ai ÏÆ'i = minimum (1.5) whereai is area of ith face and ÏÆ'i is surface energy per unit area Thus considering the nucleus to be spherical, the energy of formation of the nucleus is determined. 1.3.3  Energy of Formation of Spherical Nucleus The formation of a droplet nucleus due to supersaturation of vapour demands the expenditure of a certain quantity of energy in the creation of new phase. Therefore the total free energy change associated with the formation of homogeneous nucleation may be considered as follows. Let ΔG be the overall excess free energy of the embryo between the two phases. Since the volume and surface free energies, the total free energy associated with the process can be written as ΔG = ΔG S + ΔG V (1.6) where ΔGS is the surface free energy change and ΔGV is the volume free energy change. For a spherical nucleus of radius r, ΔG = Ï€r3 ΔG V + 4 Ï€r2ÃŽ ³ (1.7) The first term expresses the formation of the new surface and the second term expresses the difference in the chemical potential between the crystalline phase and the surrounding mother liquid. Where ÃŽ ³ is the interfacial tension and ΔGv is the free energy change per unit volume, which is a negative quantity, r the radius of the nucleus. Since the surface free energy increases with r2 and volume free energy decreases with r3, the total net free energy change increases with increase in size and attains a critical value after which it decreases. The size corresponding to the maximum free energy change is called critical nucleus.

The Monoamine Hypothesis, Placebos and Problems of Theory Construction in Psychology, Medicine, and Psychiatry :: Psychological Medical Psychiatric Essays

The Monoamine Hypothesis, Placebos and Problems of Theory Construction in Psychology, Medicine, and Psychiatry ABSTRACT: Can there be scientific theories in psychology, medicine or psychiatry? I approach this question through an in-depth analysis of a typical experiment for clinical depression involving the monoamine hypothesis, drug action, and placebos. I begin my discussion with a reconstruction of Adolph Grà ¼nbaum's conceptual analysis of 'placebo,' and then use his notion of "intentional placebo" to discuss a typical experiment using the monoamine hypothesis, two drugs and a placebo. I focus on the theoretical aspects of the experiment, especially on the notion of causal explanation. I then raise five conceptual and methodological problems for theory construction. These problems focus on questions of the causal efficacy of placebos and drugs; ad hoc versus ceteris paribus explanations in biomedicine and psychology; and the falsifiability of the monoamine hypothesis. I conclude by pointing out the need for further, rigorous philosophical analysis concerning the possibility of theory con struction in psychology, medicine, or psychiatry. I. Introduction Can there ever be scientific theories in psychology, medicine, or psychiatry? I argue that one approach to answering this question consists of investigating the nature of such purported theories and I focus on the monoamine hypothesis of clinical depression. (1) By a careful examination of a typical experiment involving the action of drugs and placebos for the cure of clinical depression-an experiment founded upon the monoamine hypothesis-I raise a number of methodological and conceptual problems that may lead one to conclude that rigorous scientific theories in these three disciplines may never be forthcoming, or at least that the state of scientific research in these areas is still in very rudimentary shape and in need of much logical and philosophical analysis. In addition, because no such biomedical theories may be forthcoming, I also undercut Adolf Grà ¼nbaum's analysis of the concept of a placebo, an analysis that makes the definition of "placebo" relative to a biomedical theo ry in the first place. I begin in section 2 by discussing Grà ¼nbaum's detailed analysis of what a placebo is. I then use his idea of a generic intentional Placebo and discuss one of many similar experiments concerning the phenomenon of clinical depression, experiments that use the monoamine hypothesis and the notion of a generic intentional placebo. This experiment is described in section 3. In section 4 I analyze the results of this study and in section 5 I offer concluding remarks.

Comparing the Comedy Central TV Channel to ComedyCentral.com Essays

From Television to the Internet: Comparing the Television Channel and ComedyCentral.com It is often stated by twenty-something generation X-er's, that their generation was raised by the television set; that Mr. Rogers was their dad, the gang from Sesame Street was their siblings, and Mrs. Brady was their mom. This is a very eclectic family if one stops to think about it: make believe for a dad, Muppets for brothers and sisters, and a very lovely lady for a mom. These latch key kids that grew up befriended by the television set, represent a generation, that in reality, is passing. The next generation of children that has moved to the block, depends not on the television set and the afternoon programming of yesterday, but instead, have found solace in a new, more exciting innovation: computers, and the Internet. From classrooms and libraries, to bedrooms and family rooms, kids are finding access to the Internet and for the most part, are reaping its benefits. The Internet is, in essence, the one perfect source for media information, sports reports, homework help, communication via e-mail, entertainment reports, famous people interviews and pictures, advertising, and the list is simply infinite. The Internet is the one tool that could very possibly replace the popularity of the television. Ironically, one is able to get television on the Internet! Yes, it is possible to download segments of popular television shows and interviews. Popular cable channels such as CNN, ESPN, HBO, MTV, and Comedy Central have their very own web sites where you can go and look at program listings, games, interviews, images to download, and even episode summaries. One of the best television network web cites is the Comedy Central web cite. Lo... ...offee mug or an Absolutely Fabulous tee shirt. Yes, there is a page where merchandise can be ordered. Every web-site created serves some purpose. Whether it be to inform, educate, entertain, each individual cite is special in its own element. The Comedy Central website is one of the most popular cites of all the television network generated cites. Aside from the possibility of not always being able to get it to come up (sometimes you just get it to load), the comedy, color, and liveliness contribute to its functioning purpose: to inform and entertain, but above all, to give viewers a glimpse into the Comedy Central world. The pages, images, and overall tone provides its viewers with an experience to sitting in front of the television set. By visiting this site, viewers can experience first hand and hands on, the hilarity, fun, and creativity of one of the best.

Love and Happiness in Elephants by Sarah Gruen and The Book of Negroes

Happiness is essential for one to be sane. Love leads to happiness and this is shown in the novels Water for Elephants by Sarah Gruen and The Book of Negroes by Lawrence Hill. Characters in both novels try to find happiness through love, but it ultimately leads to despair because of the death or loss of a loved one. Happiness is fulfilled through the form of love. To begin with, Jacob has respect and love for his parents that have been there every step of his life. The Dean of the University calls Jacob into his office and Jacob fears â€Å"Dear Lord- if I get expelled now, my father will kill me. (Gruen 6)† Jacob fears that if he gets expelled from the university, that his father had put much hard work to bring Jacob there, then his father will be dissatisfied with him. Jacob’s fear of dishearten his family is a symbol that he loves his family tremendously. This also represents that his happiness is a link to the happiness of his parents and that their disappointment of him is also a disappointment of himself. Secondly, Marlene loves her husband August greatly, thus bringing her happiness. Jacob asks Marlene how is August like and Marlene replies â€Å"He’s capable of being the most charming man on earth. (95)† Marlene’s family, who are Roman Catholic, has banished her because she marries August, who is Jewish. To Marlene, the love of her family is crucial to her, but now that they create a hole of anguish inside of her, therefore she fills this hole by loving and greatly admiring August. Like the Book of Negroes, Happiness comes through the form of love and this perfectly exemplified in the how Jacob loves his parents because he fears them and Marlene loves August after her family exiles her. Afterward, Aminata falls in love with C... ...annot meet his beloved, Aminata falls into a trance of depression. Finally, Aminata’s master sells her darling child. Aminata tells her master to bring her child back and he replies â€Å"Too late. He’s sold. Only got me five pounds†¦he’ll grow and his new master a fine profit one day. (184)† After, Chekura visits become scarce; Aminata relies on her child for the meager happiness she can get. However, this changes after her master steals and sells her child, and this is like him stealing Aminata happiness and selling it away. Though happiness is vital to life and it comes in the form of love, it does not always mean that misery will not follow it. This is shown when Jacob loves his parents, but his parents die, Marlene loves August, but he hits her. Also when Aminata falls in love with Chekura, but they are separated and when Aminata’s master sells Aminata’s child.

Learning Team A Week One Reflection Essay

The object of the reflection for this week is to discuss the objectives for Week One and their relation to the importance of the balance sheet to internal and external users. The objectives discussed by Learning Team A are the components of cash and cash equivalents, and the comparison and contrast of different inventory cost flow assumptions and how they are valued. The internal users are indentified as management and the external users are investors and creditors. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash is defined in the text as the â€Å"most liquid of assets† and is identified by companies as a current asset. (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010) What has become very popular is the classification called cash and cash equivalents. FASB has determined that classification to be misleading and it will probably be eliminated from financial statements. Cash will be cash and what used to be short term cash equivalents will now be reported as temporary investments. One of the situations leading to this decision is some companies having to take large losses on auction-rated notes. These notes are liquid because they can be traded daily, but they are not short term because the terms of the notes can be lengthy, in some cases 30 years. When the economy went bad, the auctions stopped, the value went away and the companies participating had to take sizeable losses. Why inventory is important on the Balance Sheet Inventory is an important aspect on the balance sheet. When an outsider studies the balance sheet, they have to look at the assets that the company currently has to make the inventory portion of the balance sheet make sense. The reason that the inventory shows on the balance sheet as a current asset is so outsider investors assume the inventory sells in the future when the product is complete. When investors review the balance sheet, they also like to see that the company does not have too much inventory in case they are cannot sell it, or get rid of the inventory in the future. If companies do not have an accurate amount of inventory they have to estimate it to reflect the information on the balance sheet. Calculating inventory value using Gross Profit and Retail Inventory methods The gross profit inventory valuation method is pretty simple. Beginning inventory plus purchases minus sales at selling price less gross profit percentage equals ending inventory. The major disadvantage of this method is that it is an estimate and not actual which is why it is not a GAAP approved method unless physical inventory is done to back up the valuation (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2010). The retail inventory method, on the other hand, is an acceptable way to valuate inventory. Many retail stores have so many items it is really impractical to do regular inventory counts. To calculate inventory valuation this way, the store takes the beginning inventory plus purchases less sales to determine ending inventory at the retail price. Then the goods available for sale at cost amount is divided by the goods available for sale at retail amount to determine the cost-to-retail ratio; that figure is multiplied by the retail ending inventory to come up with the cost. Internal users of accounting can include management, employees, and owners. Managers use this accounting information to view the company’s performance. Employees view accounting information for job security. Owners view accounting information to view profits from their investments. External users can insist of creditors, investors, and customers. Creditors use this information to check the company’s credit worthiness. Investors would like to earn money from their investments. Customers would like to maintain a long term company customer relationship. The balance sheet allows internal and external users to view what the business has and what the business owes. Knowing a company’s net worth is very important. Using different methods to calculate inventory for companies can be very critical.

Flat or House

I would like to speak about what is better to live in a flat or in a house ? Comparing living in a flat or a house is difficult. Someone says that living in a house is better than in a flat and someone the opposite. An I think that living in house is much better than living in flat. Fistly, I would like to speak about living in a flat. Speaking about positives aspects about living in a flat I should say that people who‘s doesn’t like working in garden or just being quiet and alone there really should choose to live in a flat as you don’t have any problems about that. But living in a flat there is and negative aspects.I live in a flat. The flats are often smaller than houses. In flats there usually isn't so much place as in a house. If a family has more children, the children must live in one room together. In most cases, people living in flats don't have any gardens or cottages, only a garage. The main advantage of living in a flat is that flats aren't so expensiv e and usually are situated in a town, where everything is near and handy. Secondly, I would like to speak about living in house. Living in houses has many advantages too. There are more places for living. Every member of the family can have his or her room.A house usually has more rooms. In a house can be a big kitchen with larder, a workroom, a fitness room, more bedrooms, toilets and bathrooms and of course an attic. There can be spare rooms for guests and visitors too. In the house, there can be a cellar, where to store the vegetables and fruits from a garden. Next to a house, there is usually a  big or small garden, where children can play and they don't play on the street, where there is a traffic. For example, you can also keep pets there on a garden. Family can work in a garden, relax, or do various parties. Houses usually have garages. It's very good place for men's hobbies.Speaking about negatives aspects I should say that living in hause is very expensive and it is requi re a lot of care: such as housework. Also in detached house you can feel like in your own castle. Nobody disturbs you, but also nobody helps you too. You house usually is in the suburb. There is cleaner air and prettier environment then in the centre. In suburb, you need to have your own car, because usually there is no bus stop and you have to walk for a few kilometres to the nearest one. All in all, I should say that I better prefer living in a house then living in a flat because it is much more comfortable and better than living in a flat.

Charles Beard Essay

Charles Beard’s An Economic Interpretation of the U.S Constitution Charles Beard’s book, An Economic Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, was published in 1913 and soon became one of the most controversial literary works of its time. Beard’s main thesis in this book is essentially that the Founding Fathers chose the specific format of the Constitution of the United States to protect their personal financial interests. Beard then goes on to argue that the Constitution was written by an â€Å"elite† attempting to safeguard their own assets and financial status. Beard was expanding on Carl L. Becker’s thesis of class conflict. In the eyes of Beard, the Constitution was created by the Founding Fathers as a â€Å"counter revolution† that ran against the wishes of farmers and laborers. Beard’s theory and his publication of this book were so controversial because it seemed to demean the Constitution and everything it stood for, which angered politicians and most of the legal community, at least those who didn’t ignore it completely. However, many historians and history professors seemed to recognize it and accept it. Many people were angered by Beard’s theory because, since it disparaged the Constitution and Founding Fathers, it seemed to put down almost everything our country stands for. Taking a sacred piece of history that started our nation and trampling on it by saying that it was nothing more than rich men trying to save their bank accounts and put down the common man is bound to upset more than just a few people. One of Beard’s main critics of the 20th century is a man named Forrest McDonald. McDonald uses his study of the voting habits and financial and economic concerns of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to prove that their motives were not financial-based. He asserts that the majority of the delegates who had public securities were Antifederalists. He concludes his study by saying, â€Å"Anyone wishing to rewrite the history of those proceedings largely or exclusively in terms of the economic interests represented there would find the facts to be insurmountable obstacles†. What McDonald means by this is that Beard, who was attempting to â€Å"rewrite the history† of the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention, was doing so without any actual evidence and therefore had an empty argument. I believe that Beard’s thesis, although an interesting notion, was not necessarily a valid argument and did nothing except anger most people in the political community. Even though many people in the late 20th century accepted his thesis, I disagree with it. My reasoning for this is that, although the Founding Fathers were economically prosperous, I believe that their status made them the only ones that could be able to write the Constitution and who were in a position to make the most crucial moves in establishing the United States. I do not believe that the Founding Fathers created the Constitution simply protect their financial status, I believe their status was the reason they could write the Constitution.

Negotiating Indian and Chinese Culture

India is seventh largest country geographically and the second most populous country in the world. It is a democratic country. It is the origin for Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. It has unity in diversity and diversity in unity. The name is derived from Indus, which is derived from the Old Persian word Hindu from sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus river (wikipedia, 2008) The most followed culture is Hinduism. The national language is Hindi, where as there are 29 officially recognized spoken languages including Hindi and English. Infrastructure of India is very beautiful one, all the people encourage and breed spiritualism. Ancient philosophies like ayurveda yoga vastu are practiced in India. We can see the thirst for holistic and spiritual inquiry. These are the things which attract foreigners to visit India, and learn Indian culture. It is multilingual and multiethnic society. India is also called as home to diversity of wildlife which has variety of habitats. India is the world’s twelfth largest economy at market exchange rates and the third largest in purchasing power. Economic reforms have transformed it into the second fastest growing economy in the world. (Kumar, 2008). It is not possible to find out exact origin of Indian people India's ethnic history is extremely complex, and distinct racial divisions between peoples generally cannot be drawn clearly. However, Negroid, Australoid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid stocks are discernible. The first three are represented mainly by tribal peoples in the southern hills, the plateau, Assam, the Himalayas, and the Andaman Islands. The main Caucasoid elements are the Mediterranean, including groups dominant in much of the north, and the Nordic or Indo-Aryan, a taller, fairer-skinned strain dominant in the northwest. The dark-complexioned Dravidians of the south have a mixture of Mediterranean and Australoid features. In 1999, 72% of the population was Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% Mongoloid and other. (nationsencyclopedia, 1999). India has so many festivals. People love to celebrate all the festivals. They follow many rituals like pujas, fasting, feasting and all. Indian music includes classical, Hindustani, carnatic and also folk. Indian dance include bhangra, bharathanatyam, kathak, kuchipudi, and odissi. Though different regions have their own cultural dances, they like to participate in all kinds. India has rich customs and traditions. These help people to keep up binding together. Customs include house warming ceremony, naming ceremony, pheras, touching feet etc. Different religions include different prayers. Heritage places in India include like Taj Mahal, Konark, Ajanta-Ellora, Mahabaleswar, and Khajuraho. Tourist places include Delhi, Rajasthan, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Goa and more. Chinese Culture The culture of china is one of the world’s oldest and complex civilizations. It has a history of more than 5000 years. It has varied customs and traditions varying among cities, towns and provinces. Traditional Chinese culture includes large geographical area. Each region has been divided into many sub-cultures. They include Sichuan, Yunnan Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hunan, and Hubei, According to Wikipedia, there were three sovereigns and five emperors. Different periods of history have different names for the various positions within society. Trades and crafts were usually taught by a sifu. (2008). There has been a blurred line among religion, myth and phenomenon. There are many deities included in the tradition. Most recognized holy figures are Jade Emperor, Guan Yin, and Budai. Door God and Imperial guardian lions are spiritual symbols extended from mythology. People there in China still believe in fortune telling rituals. China has the largest population of any country in the world. According to 2002 statistics, the total population of China is 1.28453 billion (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) or about one fifth of the world population. China also has a very dense population, with approximately 135 people per square kilometer. ( CRI Online, 2002). The main festivals of China includes Chinese new year, Double Ninth Festival, The seventh day of seventh lunar month, Duanwu festival, The laba festival and The lantern festival. Official spoken language of China is Mandarin. Other spoken languages include Cantonese, Xiang, Min, Hakka and more. Negotiation When both the cultures of India and China are considered, it is hard to conclude which one is the best. When considering business strategy electronic field is going better in China, where as most of else businesses including IT industry is growing well in India. When it comes to living style of an Individual, India is better. It is mainly because India has follow up most of all world cultures. Especially western people will not have any complaints working for the clients in India. It may be because of the high literacy, and huge practice of western culture. Both Indian and Chinese food has beautiful taste. When compared Chinese food is healthier but Indian food is tastier. People in India are more sophisticated than in China. References CRI Online (2002). Current situation of Chinese Population. Retrieved March 10, 2008, from ; http://english.cri.cn/1702/2006-9-28/[email  protected]; Encyclopedia of the Nations (1999). India Ethnic Groups. Retrieved March 10, 2008. ;http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/India-ETHNIC-GROUPS.html; The Epoch Times. (2008, January 22). Australia Blind to India’s Boom. Retrieved March 10, 2008, from ;http://en.epochtimes.com/news/8-1-22/64516.html; Wikipedia. (2008, March 10). Culture of China. Retrieved March 10, 2008, from ;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_culture; Wikipedia. (2008, March 10). India. Retrieved March 10, 2008, from ;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India#_note-8; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

The Implications For An Economy Of A Rising Exchange Rate Essay

The Implications For An Economy Of A Rising Exchange Rate - Essay Example The performance of a specific currency is determined by the demand for the currency and the investments on the economy. An increased exchange rate of a country’s currency in relation to world currencies such as the dollar influences negatively on the export of the country’s products. On the other hand, the cost of imports is decreased by a strengthening currency and therefore more goods and services are imported. However, a strong currency discourages foreign investment and as a result, central banks use various strategies to ensure that currencies are regulated. This acts to protect the manufacturing industries from business failure due to reduced exportation of goods and competition. This paper gives a critical analysis on the impact of the rising exchange rate on world economies such as Australia, China, and Switzerland. The Australia’s steel export industry was impacted negatively by the rising exchange rate in July 2011 when the Australian dollar hit the highest point ever recorded in thirty years. This means that the value of the Australian dollar in relation to other currencies increased steadily. The demonstration for the negative impact of the rising exchange rate of the Australian dollar on the economy is seen in the increases in the cost of the raw materials for the industry in addition to the decreasing prices of steel . 1. Moreover, the strength of the Australian dollar led to the reduction of the export of goods and services from the agricultural, retail, tourism, and manufacturing sectors of the country’s economy. Foreign countries reduced their import of agricultural products from Australia due to the strength of its currency. The importance of agriculture and manufacturing industry in Australia shows the extent to which reduced exports of goods from these sectors affected the economy. Figure 1 Foreign Exchange Rate Australia/US Because of a rising exchange rate, the manufacturing industry of countries incurs big losses. For example, the Australian steel industry incurred a net loss of about US$1.1bn as a result of the appreciation of the Australian dollar2. The loss was due to asset write downs and reduction of the export activities. The impact of a rising exchange rate leads to the involvement of governments in an attempt to revive the failing economies. For example, the Australian government channeled funds to the steel industry to enable it to recover from the losses incurred due to the reduction of the country’s steel exports. The impact of the government involvement on the economy is twofold: the funds channeled to the industries for their recovery would lead to the improvement of the economy or reduce economic performance due to inappropriate prioritization of funds. The government involvement in the improving its manufacturing industrie s should therefore consider other sectors of the economy so that realistic distribution of funds is made possible. The exportation of a country’s products reduces when the currency strengthens because the prize of the exports and the costs associated with the shipments of the exports rise when the currency becomes strong. As a result, foreign importers from a country with a strong currency may reduce or terminate their imports from that country. As a result, the sectors of the economy, which export goods, are impacted negatively3. A rising exchange rate also affects the job market4. Because of the loss of revenue, which results from reduction of exports, a company is likely to reduce its workforce as a way of minimizing expenses. Blue scope, which is the largest producer of steel in Australia, for example reduced its work force by retrenchment following the reduction of its exports.

Milestone Challenge Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Milestone Challenge Solution - Essay Example One other characteristic feature of today’s technology, which has been tagged as emerging technology is that it focuses mainly on problem solving to make various endeavours of human existence easier. New companies are therefore in an excellent position to take advantage of the problem solving phenomenon associated with emerging technology. The same level of opportunity also exists for existing companies who want to experience major milestones in their operations and activities. Given the present case under discussion, it can be seen that the company wants to create a system whereby there will be different technological provisions specially created to cater for the needs of individual employees. This is a step in the right direction because even though it takes the collective successes of all employees to amount to the overall success of the company, each employee needs to work in an environment that promotes the utilisation of individual brilliance, skill and expertise. There shall therefore be a solution to the need of the company whereby individual information technology system shall be created to cater for the individual needs of employees but at the same time there will be a centralised processing mechanism to regularise the collective functions of employees. Mobile Office Technology Proposal Employee / Setting Hardware requirement Software requirements Connectivity requirements Subtotal Specific Justifications Travelling Journalist Digitized camera, Laptop, tablet computer, smart phone Windows 7 Operating System, Microsoft Office 3G, Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,500 For the work of the traveling journalist, it is important to include a digitized camera due to the fact that there may be several passing moments that would need to be captured unto the device for onward and future processing. The tablet computer would also ensure accessibility to information, especially at places where it will not be convenient to operate larger machines like laptop a nd desktop computers. The USB modem is also regarded as highly useful and appropriate for use in the laptop and tablet computer for gaining access to the internet. Regional Editor Laptop computer, smart phone, desktop computer Windows 7, Photoshop, Corel Draw, PageMaker Wireless card, USB modem, 3G AUD$2,500 In the case of the editor, a desktop computer is highly appropriate as he would not be undertaking a lot of mobile duties. Moreover, the desktop and laptop computers are preferred to tablet PC as he will be undertaking several large scale editing of pictures and videos, which will not be appropriate to use the tablet PC for. The Corel Draw and Photoshop software will be two important software for editing films and pictures. Business Development Manager Desktop computer, laptop, tablet PC Windows 7, PageMaker, Corel Draw Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,500 Just as the regional editor, the also Business Development Manager needs Corel Draw and PageMaker to undertake editing of film s and videos. Three types of computers are suggested here and they are exclusively necessary for testing the outcome of final works on desktop computer, tablet computer and laptop computers: as a way of meeting the visual resolutions of as many users as possible. Main

Civil War Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Civil War - Term Paper Example The civil war was also a morality issue. Most stories of the civil war are depicted from the eyes and viewpoint of the whites, either Northern or Southern white people. There are not many books detailing the war from the perspective of the African-American slaves at that time and their roles in the civil war. They had certainly made big contributions to the ultimate victory of the North but these were mostly either not given prominence or just glossed over to a certain extent. The previous kind of master narratives viewed the US civil war as mainly among the white themselves. This paper attempts to explore a narrative within this master narrative. It will detail in the following pages how the issue of slavery took a decisive role in the ultimate victory of the North because of the help from the black slaves who took great risks to choose their freedom. Moreover, this paper will also try to explain and demolish some of the myths surrounding the role of the blacks in the civil war at i ts most crucial moments when the outcome of the war had hung in the balance (no pun intended). Finally, this paper also talks about how slavery in America really indeed, with the wits and guile of an obscure general named Butler. Discussion The US civil war started when eleven Southern states declared their secession from the United States of America and formed the Confederate States of America. The core of the issue was slavery but even the newly-elected Republican president, Abraham Lincoln, did not call for its outright abolition. In fact, he was very careful to tread on this sensitive issue and declared only that slavery should not be allowed to expand into other states. In other words, slavery will remain in those states where slavery already existed. However, Southern whites took umbrage at this declaration which they considered to be a threat to their way of life that was based on slave labor. The larger narrative of the civil war was that Pres. Lincoln did not take direct st eps to abolish slavery precisely to avoid war and preserve the Union. Lincoln gave this reassurance because he knew there will no winners or losers in civil war; there will only be losers on both sides. His phronesis (practical wisdom) and training as a lawyer gave him the ability to weigh several options but all based on constitutionality. But as the South declared hostilities and as the war progressed, his position took a hardline stance as he knew the issue of slavery will rear its ugly head once again if allowed to continue. This issue will never rest until it is extinguished completely and one sure way to do that was win the war decisively. His ultimate objective was to preserve the Union at all costs but somehow later down the road, also find justification for abolishing slavery through legal means. Pres. Lincoln was in a serious quandary as the US Constitution had guaranteed rights to slavery for those states who wanted it (McPherson, 1996, p. 100). He was also personally aga inst slavery and abhorred its practices and evil inhumanity to fellow human beings but he could not just prosecute the war to its bitter end and present it as a war against slavery. There has to be some other solution and it came from a newly-appointed general named Benjamin Franklin Butler; he was a lawyer by profession and given the rank of major general. The narrative –

Movie review of The Battle of Algiers Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Of The Battle of Algiers - Movie Review Example he newer version of the subtitled and translated 35-millimeter print at Film Forum is apparently the description that was confidentially displayed for military workforce by the Pentagon, considering it as a ground guide to fight against terrorism. The movie is an inspiration for armed force, considering the movie to be a motivation for military personnel and it will play an imperative role in motivating and inculcating zeal and spirit in soldiers to fight against all odds, the Former national-security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski promoted through the description: â€Å"If you want to understand what’s happening right now in Iraq, I recommend The Battle of Algiers.† However, the movie is an ideal one to seed the zeal and enthusiasm for the nation and this is the reason that Pontecorvo’s blockbuster was also utilized by the Black Panthers as a preparation film? As the movie described the Algerian struggle for independence, which is the incidence of late nineteen fifties, it has set the platform of inspiration for all the forthcoming happenings may it be the situation of Iraq or Libya. Fight for rights, fight for betterment has always been the desire of human race, history reveals that whenever such desires are not fulfilled, human race stood to fight against all odds. Although the movie The Battle of Algiers dramatized Algerian struggle but it is considered as the struggle of the entire human race. It is a depiction of brutality and viciousness a mankind can show on other beings of similar species. Although now, the movie The Battle of Algiers, is five decades old but the anatomy of horror and shock is still enough to evoke the sensation and shudder woefully. Movies The Battle of Algiers remained matchless in evoking this feeling and still remained ever fresh. Pontecorvo’s direction is brilliant to create this masterpiece movie in the sense that made people cry after seeing such horrifying acts of cruelty mankind can display. Nevertheless, the original U.S.

UAE movie review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UAE - Movie Review Example or a person who has not visited Dubai, it may get difficult to imagine that like any other bustling Western metropolitan, Dubai also has a side that is sordid, sad and ironic. Hence, simply speaking, City of Life presents a realistic perspective on Dubai, where a few manage to relish a life of abundance and luxury, while many happen to lead a life of drudgery and frustration. A diverse and multiethnic cast in the movie, with characters affiliated to an array of ethnic, cultural and socio-economic background, the viewers can readily empathize with the travails of each specific character, who is trying to seek out a meaning in an urban society that favors material success, conformity and competition. It will be indeed true to say that at a personal level I really identified with the dilemmas faced by many characters in the movie. Though the movie happened to be multilingual, where many characters conversed in Arabic or Hindi, yet at an emotional and human level, they appeared to seek things in life that we all desire to achieve. It is this aspect of the movie that I believe enhanced it universal appeal and interest. For instance, it is indeed interesting to note that the Emirati young man Faisal, who mostly attires in Arab apparels and speaks Arabic, does not differ much from many American young men in the same age group. The dilemmas and issues faced by Faisal do not happen to be much different from the challenges faced by young people in America. Faisal is presented as torn between a desire to lead a life that is fast paced and engaging, and the family pressure to stick to traditions and to embrace a sense of responsibility. He is shown as being tagged to an age group, where the desire for self assertion and freedom contradict with the pressures accompanying growing up. The very fact that he is born in a life of affluence, he is not able to appreciate as to how lucky he is. The scene in the movie when Faisal returns late at night and the next morning he is awaken

Engineering ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Engineering ethics - Assignment Example gained through studying, experience and practice is used to invent ways of utilizing economically the scarce materials and forces of nature to benefit mankind. It is therefore implicit that professional and ethical practices should be upheld to ensure public good is realized. In the recent engineers have failed to remain devoted to upholding high personal honour and professional integrity and accountability as they should in their practice. Despite the fact that their duties are clearly stated in all the phases of an engineering project and they are expected to concentrate on achieving goals set in their area of competence within the time allocated, there are complains of poor quality of work, failure to meet deadlines and failure to adhere by the governing rules especially about environmental conservation. This causes the society to doubt their professional integrity and accountability. Engineers are expected to be faithful to their employers and handle their clients’ information with confidentiality where necessary .It is ethical to be open to their colleagues and disclose anything that can affect their image directly or indirectly to their clients and society at large in order to uphold confidence in professional engineers. Society seeks engine ering services from those who show integrity and good citizenship. (Koen, B.V) Engineering projects are always done in teams, for a effective teamwork members are expected to utilise the skills or their specialists’ knowledge without looking down at others. They should be honest and forthright with each other, accepting responsibilities for ones action whether good or bad for fast identification and correction of errors that could otherwise result to failure of the whole project. Objective criticism of each other’s work improves the coordination and participation amongst all the team members. All members should present their statements or any information regarding project progress without fear of

Personal Statement for Graduate Diploma in Law Essay

Personal Statement for Graduate Diploma in Law - Essay Example Third, the institution’s proximity to law firms and courts within London will give me the experience to learn and observe qualified attorneys’ approaches and skills. I believe I will fit into this institution because I am hard working and driven and I like to be exposed to both an academic as well as professional atmosphere. My educational background is diverse, as I studied psychology and sociology at Barnard College, Columbia University. Subsequently I went to London and by now have completed two masters’ programs in Business Psychology at Kingston University, and in International Business at Regents College. Currently, I am working as an assistant to our in-house lawyer at Doyen Capital, a private firm. This experience has exposed me to business contracts and legal issues on a corporate level, and I look forward to expanding my overall knowledge in the legal career. In order to achieve my goal, I strive to complete the Graduate Diploma in Law. Then I strive to complete the Legal Practice training course, and afterwards work under a two-year contract as a trainee in the corporate law field. My final career goal is to become a solicitor and I hope to achieve my goal by first joining an institution that will provide me with a strong foundation in my legal career. ... I appreciate that the basis for wanting to study law and eventually become a solicitor may have been superficial to me, but when I participated in a legal awareness campaign organized by the London Bar Association, I quickly made up my mind to be a lawyer. Thereafter I joined the firm of Leigh Day Solicitors where I worked in the Human Rights and Constitutional Law department. Occasionally, I would accompany the managing partner to courts or tribunals to find out how the courts operated. In addition to this, I was incorporated in the University of London’s Law Faculty Annual Legal Awareness Week where we attended circuit meetings offering legal aid to the less-privileged. These awareness programs and retreats gave me some insight into university life and the moot lectures and debates increased my passion for law. Since I commenced my educational career, I have always been a studious and strong-minded individual, hence I knew that a degree in law at the University that would cu lminate into being a solicitor was the correct decision to make. Initially, I had broad interests in other fields or careers but I have recently become drawn to a career in law due to its complex and intriguing nature in solving daily issues. Law is an area that has interested me since childhood due to the extensive reading that is integral in solving legal issues and I therefore consider myself to be well suited to a career in law, as I do pay much attention to detail and take pleasure in solving social issues that affect the daily lives of human beings. The studies I have had previously have also aided me in observing the actions of others and how their opinions are dictated by external factors and the confidence I gained is important in wading